Blog Posts

Linux Kernel 6.10 is Released: This is What's New for Compute Express Link (CXL)

Linux Kernel 6.10 is Released: This is What's New for Compute Express Link (CXL)

The Linux Kernel 6.10 release brings several improvements and additions related to Compute Express Link (CXL) technology.

Here is the detailed list of all commits merged into the 6.10 Kernel for CXL and DAX. This list was generated by the Linux Kernel CXL Feature Tracker .

Read More
Linux Kernel 6.9 is Released: This is What's New for Compute Express Link (CXL)

Linux Kernel 6.9 is Released: This is What's New for Compute Express Link (CXL)

The Linux Kernel 6.9 release brings several improvements and additions related to Compute Express Link (CXL) technology.

New Features

Here is a list of new features for CXL:

Here is the detailed list of all commits merged into the 6.9 Kernel for CXL and DAX. This list was generated by the Linux Kernel CXL Feature Tracker .

Read More
Running Open WebUI and Ollama on Ubuntu 22.04 for a Local ChatGPT Experience

Running Open WebUI and Ollama on Ubuntu 22.04 for a Local ChatGPT Experience

Introduction

Open WebUI and Ollama are powerful tools that allow you to create a local chat experience using GPT models. Whether you’re experimenting with natural language understanding or building your own conversational AI, these tools provide a user-friendly interface for interacting with language models. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the installation process step by step.

Ollama is a cutting-edge platform designed to run open-source large language models locally on your machine. It simplifies the complexities involved in deploying and managing these models, making it an attractive choice for researchers, developers, and anyone who wants to experiment with language models1. Ollama provides a user-friendly interface for running large language models (LLMs) locally, specifically on MacOS and Linux (with Windows support on the horizon).

Read More
Using Linux Kernel Tiering with Compute Express Link (CXL) Memory

Using Linux Kernel Tiering with Compute Express Link (CXL) Memory

In this blog post, we will walk through the process of enabling the Linux Kernel Transparent Page Placement (TPP) feature with CXL memory mapped as NUMA nodes using the system-ram namespace. This feature allows the kernel to automatically place pages in different types of memory based on their usage patterns.

Prerequisites

This guide assumes that you are using a Fedora 36 system with Kernel 5.19.13, and that your system has a Samsung CXL device installed. You can confirm the presence of the CXL device with the following command:

Read More
Understanding Compute Express Link (CXL) and Its Alignment with the PCIe Specifications

Understanding Compute Express Link (CXL) and Its Alignment with the PCIe Specifications

How CXL Uses PCIe Electricals and Transport Layers

CXL utilizes the PCIe infrastructure, starting with the PCIe 5.0. This ensures compatibility with existing systems while introducing new features for device connectivity and memory coherency. CXL’s ability to maintain memory coherency across shared memory pools is a significant advancement, allowing for efficient resource sharing and operand movement between accelerators and target devices.

CXL builds upon the familiar foundation of PCIe, utilizing the same physical interfaces, transport layer, and electrical signaling. This shared foundation makes CXL integration with existing PCIe systems seamless. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:

Read More
A Practical Guide to Identify Compute Express Link (CXL) Devices in Your Server

A Practical Guide to Identify Compute Express Link (CXL) Devices in Your Server

In this article, we will provide four methods for identifying CXL devices in your server and how to determine which CPU socket and NUMA node each CXL device is connected. We will use CXL memory expansion (CXL.mem) devices for this article. The server was running Ubuntu 22.04.2 (Jammy Jellyfish) with Kernel 6.3 and ‘cxl-cli ’ version 75 built from source code. Many of the procedures will work on Kernel versions 5.16 or newer.

Read More

How To Install a Mainline Linux Kernel in Ubuntu

Note: This article was updated on Thursday, July 31st, 2025 and will work with newer Ubuntu releases.

By default, Ubuntu systems run with the Ubuntu kernels provided by the Ubuntu repositories. To get unmodified upstream kernels that have new features or to confirm that upstream has fixed a specific issue, we often need to install the mainline Kernel. The mainline kernel is the most recent version of the Linux kernel released by the Linux Kernel Organization. It undergoes several stages of development, including merge windows, release candidates, and final releases. Mainline kernels are designed to offer the latest features and improvements, making them attractive to developers and power users. Kernel.org lists the available Kernel versions.

Read More
An Introduction to Generative Prompt Engineeering

An Introduction to Generative Prompt Engineeering

Introduction

Over the past few years, there has been a significant explosion in the use and development of large language models (LLMs). An LLM is a language model consisting of a neural network with many parameters (commonly multi-billions of weights), trained on large quantities of text. Some of the most popular large language models are: GPT-3 (Generative Pretrained Transformer 3) – developed by OpenAI ; BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) – developed by Google; RoBERTa (Robustly Optimized BERT Approach) – developed by Facebook AI; T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) – developed by Google. Many others exist and continue to emerge. These language models are designed to understand and generate natural language text, allowing for a wide range of applications such as chatbots, content creation, language translation, and more.

Read More
Categories
Tags