Linux
Understanding STREAM: Benchmarking Memory Bandwidth for DRAM and CXL
In today’s Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and high-performance computing (HPC) landscape, memory bandwidth is a critical factor in determining overall system performance.
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A Step-by-Step Guide on Using Cloud Images with QEMU 9 on Ubuntu 24.04
Introduction Cloud images are pre-configured, optimized templates of operating systems designed specifically for cloud and virtualized environments.
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Understanding Memory Usage with `smem`
Memory management is crucial for Linux administrators and developers, especially when optimizing performance for resource-intensive applications.
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A Practical Guide to Identify Compute Express Link (CXL) Devices in Your Server
In this article, we will provide four methods for identifying CXL devices in your server and how to determine which CPU socket and NUMA node each CXL device is connected.
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How To Map a CXL Endpoint to a CPU Socket in Linux
When working with CXL Type 3 Memory Expander endpoints, it’s nice to know which CPU Socket owns the root complex for the endpoint.
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Using Linux Kernel Memory Tiering
In this post, I’ll discuss what memory tiering is, why we need it, and how to use the memory tiering feature available in the mainline v5.
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How To map VMWare vSphere/ESXi PMem devices from the Host to Guest VM
In this post, we’ll use VMWare ESXi 7.0u3 to create a Guest VM running Ubuntu 21.
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How To Emulate CXL Devices using KVM and QEMU
What is CXL? Compute Express Link (CXL) is an open standard for high-speed central processing unit-to-device and CPU-to-memory connections, designed for high-performance data center computers.
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How To Build a custom Linux Kernel to test Data Access Monitor (DAMON)
DAMON is a data access monitoring framework subsystem for the Linux kernel.
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Resolving commands 'Killed' on GCP f1-micro Compute Engine instances
When I want to perform a quick task, I generally spin up a Google GCP Compute Engine instance as they’re cheap.
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How To Enable Debug Logging in ipmctl
The ipmctl utility is used for configuring and managing Intel Optane Persistent Memory modules (DCPMM/PMem).
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How To Monitor Persistent Memory Performance on Linux using PCM, Prometheus, and Grafana
In a previous article, I showed How To Install Prometheus and Grafana on Fedora Server .
Read MoreUsing ltrace to see what ipmctl and ndctl are doing
Occasionally, it is necessary to debug commands that are slow. Or you may simply be interested in learning how the tools work.
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How to Boot Linux from Intel® Optane™ Persistent Memory
Introduction In this article, I will demonstrate how to configure a system with Intel Optane Persistent Memory (PMem) and use part of the PMem as a boot device.
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How to Boot Linux from Intel® Optane™ Persistent Memory
Introduction In this article, I will demonstrate how to configure a system with Intel Optane Persistent Memory (PMem) and use part of the PMem as a boot device.
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How to build an upstream Fedora Kernel from source
I typically keep my Fedora system current, updating it once every week or two.
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Linux Device Mapper WriteCache (dm-writecache) performance improvements in Linux Kernel 5.8
The Linux ‘dm-writecache’ target allows for writeback caching of newly written data to an SSD or NVMe using persistent memory will achieve much better performance in Linux Kernel 5.
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"ipmctl show -memoryresources" returns "Error: GetMemoryResourcesInfo Failed"
Issue: Running ipmctl show -memoryresources returns an error similar to the following:
Read MoreIntel Optane Persistent Memory Modules report "Non-functional" state in ipmctl
Issue Executing ipmctl show-dimm to get device information shows the persistent memory modules in a ‘Non-functional’ health state, eg:
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How To Set Linux CPU Scaling Governor to Max Performance
The majority of modern processors are capable of operating in a number of different clock frequency and voltage configurations, often referred to as Operating Performance Points or P-states (in ACPI terminology).
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How To Verify Linux Kernel Support for Persistent Memory
Linux Kernel support for persistent memory was first delivered in version 4.
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How To Extend Volatile System Memory (RAM) using Persistent Memory on Linux
Intel(R) Optane(TM) Persistent Memory delivers a unique combination of affordable large capacity and support for data persistence.
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Using Linux Volume Manager (LVM) with Persistent Memory
In this article, we show how to use the Linux Volume Manager (LVM) to create concatenated, striped, and mirrored logical volumes using persistent memory modules as the backing storage device.
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